Hi,
I agree with the above post. The Shure SM57 (or SM58) are the industry workhorse and will last a lifetime. And they're just darn good for the money. The SM57 can handle higher levels, making it good for close miking loud instruments (guitar amps, drums)
Sounds like you want to dabble in Foley? Usually when recording ambient (real world) sounds like water, a spoon falling, footsteps, doors, ect. most would use a large diaphram mic. They tend to capture the subtle nuances of sounds better. They can get WAY more expensive though. The Shure is the best all around mic you'll find for under 100 bucks, but Oktava (a Russian company) makes some very good Large Diaphram Mics for under 200. Check out the MK-319:
www.oktava-online.com/mk319.htm
I have one and think it can stack up against other similar mics that are three times the cost.
But for the budget your after, the Shure is a safe bet.
Hope this helps!
~Brad